The Debates: Pakistani literature in English

Pakistani literature in English

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Our Lady of Alice Bhatti: A critical review

Ullah, Inam Gul.

Hanif parts with his usual motifs and recurrent scenes of jets, flights, engines and life of cadets and professional soldiers, which are common features of his two other novels: ACase of Exploding Mangoes and The Red Birds, in Our Lady of Alice Bhatti. The novel centers on the Christian community and the challenges it confronts in its social milieu in Pakistan, especially the lower class Christians working as janitors, the malpractices of doctors in medico-legal complications in accomplice with the police, and the corruption of police force in Karachi metropolis.

Alice Bhatti, daughter of a poor janitor, after having spent fourteen months in prison for a sin she had never committed, joins the Sacred Hospital as nurse. She was made a scapegoat for a surgeon’s negligence during a surgical process. The hospital is frequented by police in connection with medico-legal process, and in most cases they manipulate the nature of such cases. Alice succumbs to a lovesick attitude displayed by Teddy, a police tout working privately for police especially in illegal and extra-judicial practices like fake encounters etc. The relationship ends up in tying the knot between Alice and Teddy. Soon Teddy’s mind is welled up with suspicions about Alice’s character coupled with his sudden unemployment, he throws acids on Alice and she departs in a miraculous way.

Alice is blessed with certain miraculous powers she displays during her professional duties at the hospital; a strange miracle takes place at the moment of her demise. She is a tower of strength against all the odds and adverse moves against her religion, profession, caste, social and economic standing. She figures and ideal woman neither confined nor discouraged by the adverse circumstances around her. She moves ahead fights her way and finally stands triumphant. She does not give in to the fanatic students during her college life, although she suffers yet she resists and defends her religion and point of view, during her professional duty at the night shift in the Sacred, she splashes penis of a spoiled brat and resist his sexual advances. She comes from a janitor class Christian family, but it does not hinder her way forward to a decent position of income. Despite the plethora of challenges she ties the knot with a Muslim without any family support, her mother working as a janitor was found dead in the house she was working on, a rape cum murder case, and an aged father lives alone.

The novel depicts corruption and malpractices among Karachi metropolis police, inspector Malangi resembles todays Rao Anwar (ex SSP Karachi, indicted in Naqeebullah Mehsud murder). They are involved in manipulation of cases on medico-legal ground and serving their own vested interest. The idea of throwing acids on Alice also comes from inspector Malangi.

The novel also shows the role of mafia in religions, like Mullah the clergy dominance in Christianity. Alice miraculous powers and especially the miracle of the throne of the holy mother are not accepted by the clergy class and they question Alice’s character instead because she belongs to the lower class of Christian community.

Hanif interestingly adds and epilogue to the novel, a literary device very rare in modern fictions, a plea by Alice’s father to the Vatican, explaining the miracle during Alice’s death and highlights the biased decision of the local committee.

Red Birds: A critical review

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By
Ullah, Inam Gul

Brilliantly written by Hanif, the novel draws a critical sketch of US addiction to the venture of war and destruction, its twofold strategy of destruction through war and reconstruction through its agencies, the plight of the refugees camps, the sorry state of refugees’ children and a detailed mention of pilots ,jets and raids and all pertaining thereto.

Ali’s father is over obsequious to whitemen, he works for them as logistic officer, although the base, Hanger, is deserted by US, yet he hopes for their return to pay off the standing dues against them. He hands his son Ali to them who has an aptitude for technical things. Mother Dear remains down in dumps for her son, but Father Dear has no qualm about his act. Ali’s brother Momo is a born entrepreneur who always weighs the values of things around him. Father Dear has no interest in the salt of the earth, as manifested in his act of selling out his son to the army, whereas Mother Dear always asks for it.

A very interesting character is Mutt, a dog by class, but too philosophic by nature who even outwits the other members of the family in terms of his rational and mental approach, it is Mutt who sees the red birds and accompanies Momo all the time. Mutt equally mourns the loss of Ali with Mother Dear. Mutt’s every word is full of wisdom and based on rational and critical approach.

Ellie is a pilot who has got his jet crashed, and is finally rescued by Momo in the desert. Lady Flowerbody visits the camp to study the mind of young Muslims, Momo develops contact with them with a view to get access to his brother Ali through them. Mutt observes all the people and analyses their feelings and reactions through his own philosophical lens.

The novel gives a detailed account of the modern warfare and the consequent surge of refugees. The double standard of Western world, US adventure of waging wars and displacing communities around the globe and establishing its bases abroad, are few of the major the themes. Hanif, a pilot turned novelist does not forget to make mention of jets, flying, landing etc , they recur in the novel like his first work A Case of the Exploding Mangoes.

A Case of Exploding Mangoes: A Critical Review

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A Case of Exploding Mangoes: A Critical Review

The military junta headed by General Ziaulhaq, ruling Pakistan for eleven long and dark years ends up in a plane crash loaded with mangoes; the ripe mangoes explode and consume the top brass along with foreign VIPs in C 130 back from Bahawalpur. The reasons need not to be dealt with in depth, however, the regime of the harsh and self-administered laws, concentration of power in the hands of few, the continuation of US anti-Soviet Jihadist project in Afghanistan, and “ the blind justice in the land of pure” met its fate the moment the weight of mangoes turned heavier.

Hanif beautifully describes the inner working of the dictatorship and the lust of power among the key figures in the junta. The novel depicts the use of religion by Zia for self-centered objectives of staying longer in the office and meting out harsh treatment to the dissenters. The contradictory approaches of a dictator, i.e an urge for becoming a popular figure among the public on one hand, and staying away from public on security reasons on the other are the recurrent elements in the novel. Gen Zia, who had suppressed the nation of 130 million, was afraid of his wife because he had missed ‘to kill the cat on the first night’. From start to the end his obsession remains, ‘who wants to kill me’?

Ali Shigri undergoes the moments of torture in the dungeon for his alleged collusion with missing cadet Obaid, in the Mughal fort, places known for being the frequent abodes of the dissenters in Zia regime. Hanif depicts the limitations of the ‘powerful dictators’, their power is reduced to bare minimum the moment they take off the uniform. Zia, whenever tries to play the role of a politician reaching out to public , is received by the crowd of soldiers in the civvies playing civilian. A similar attempt to walk without security having put on a shawl, he is stopped by a police constable and asked him “ to be a cock. A rooster,” the entertaining farce by Hanif. The novel vividly depicts how the years of dictatorship were run by the financial support of US dollars and ideological indoctrination from Saudia Arbia. The scene of the Secretary General further reflects both the precarious standing and the paranoid posture of the dictators.

Kamila Shamsie's Home Fire: A Review

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By:

Ullah, Inam Gul. iukhan233@gmail.com

Kamila Shamsie’ latest novel Home Fire is indeed a reflection of her art of storytelling and eloquent description. The novel is set in Britain, America, however she, as her usual stock scene, does not forget to shifts the scene to Karachi, her birth place. The novels deals with issues faced by Pakistani migrants and diaspora communities especially in the post-colonial British settings, and the rise of ISIS.

The novel begins with Isma, whose family is settled in London, leaves for America to pursue her PhD. She leaves behind two other orphan siblings: Aneeka and Perviz. Their father ,being a Jihadi, had died on his way to Guantanamobay. However, later Perviz is also driven into the war theatre by IS. Isma in USA comes into contact with Emmon, who is the son of the Home Secretary at London. They forge relationship but it does not last for long as Emmon leaves back for London.

In London Emmon comes into contact with Isma’s sister Aneeka and they develop a an intimate relationship. Aneeka wants Emmon, being the son of Home Secreatry, to be instrumental in bringing her brother back to London through his father’s influence. Things, however, don’t happen as she plans them. The Secretary does not agree to the plea of his son, and in turn wants his son to break the relationship with Aneeka, Emmon is not ready to do so. Aneeka and Emmon are having frequent dates with cross purposes, Aneeka focused on the thoughts of bringing her brother back to London, Emmon enjoys the movements.

Perviz, in the meanwhile tires to flee back to London from the camp of terrorists. While trying to reach the British Consulate at Ankara , is shot by someone and dies there. The crises surfaces, when it comes to the burial of the deceased. British government refuses to receive the corpse, whereas Aneeka insists on getting him back to London. However, she does not succeed and the corpse is subsequently transported to Karachi with mixed responses from the public and the government. Aneeka arrives to Karachi for the funeral rites of her brother. Emmon, despite of his father unwillingness, flies to Karachi and joins Aneeka at this hour of trial.

The novel depicts how the immigrants are influenced by the culture of the host countries and are victims of identity crises on the political, social and cultural fronts. Shamsie depicts the uncertain and precarious position of the migrants especially on the political aspects. They are not willingly owned by either country when they need support from it. Mixed loyalties and tough choices are reflected as motifs in the novel.

Kamila Shamsi's Burnt Shadows: A Review

Unknown 12:11:00 1 Comment

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By:

Ullah, Inam Gul. iukhan233@gmail.com

The Burnt Shadows is a brilliantly written prose piece by the noted Pakistani novelist Kamila Shamsie. The novel depicts the writer’s firm grasp over history, colonial discourses and imperial mindset. It gives a vivid account of the relationship between the British colonizers and the Indian colonized. The novel shows the burns and ills of the first use of atomic weapons in the history of the planet. The novel tells a sad, yet an interesting tale of the days the British Empire was to recede, end of colonization and the partition of the India. The novel is set in different countries, i.e Japan, India, America, Pakistan, Canada and areas lying between the boundaries of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The American’s imperialist war, the connection between CIA and ISI, the recruitment of the civilians to the war, run recurrently in the latter part of the novel.

The novel opens with the horrors and terrific scenes of the atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki with a sense fear and sense of insecurity of life of limb the war had created there. Immediate after ,the plot leads the readers to the love story between Konard and Hiroko Tanaka. It’s after once their tryst, Konard succumbs to death when the bomb explodes at a cathedral, the burnt bodies and flesh scatter around, and the burnt bodies reflect their shadows on the walls. The shadow of Konard’s body being the larger one among them.

Hiroko driven by the sense of loss and grief and in order to escape the worries of war, comes to Dilli (Dehli) to meet Konard’s half sister Ilse and her husband James Burton. Hiroko here falls in love with Sajjad Ashraf, a servant of the James Burton household. Sajjad and Hiroko come closer to each other, he becomes her Urdu tutor and Hiroko confides in him the ills and suffering she had suffered during the war at Japan. She shows her the burns on the parts of her body, which brings them yet more closer. The relationship between Sajjad and the Burton household reflects the colonial mindset and the pride the British would take in their Empire. They would all the times, especially Ilse, treat him as an inferior and a colonized subject.

In the course of the novel the relationship between Hirko and Sajjad Ashraf grows deeper. Both being form different cultures and belief systems, now narrow down their alienation and differences in outlook. Once, when they are roaming, Hirko asks Sajjad how one can become Muslim? Sajjad enunciates the Kalma Tayyiba, Hiroko repeats after him, and she thereby embraces Islam. The relationship later develops into marriage ties between the two.

When the Empire vacates India, Asharf opts for Pakistan, and thus Hiroko and Asharf comes to Karachi and get settled there. The couple is soon blessed with a male baby, Raza. Whereas Ilse, already fed up of her husband along with her son Harry, leaves for America to live with someone she loved dearly.

Raza when joins school, undergoes worst identity crisis. He being a multilingual, and brought up in a multi cultural environment proves a failure, when it comes to his interaction with his mates and peers. He shows very poor performance in his studies, especially when it comes to the subject of theology. The failure leads him to abandon his studies and start working in a factory with his father. The character of Raza, symbolizes the identity crisis, by most account the concept of hybrid Identity as propounded by the postcolonial theorist Homi K. Bhaba.

Harry is now a grown up, and has joined the CIA and visits Pakistan to facilitate the American war against Russia in collaboration with the ISI. He comes into contact with Raza Ashraf at Karachi. Raza being a multilingual and having ties with Harry, is mistaken for a Haza boy by Afghan people in Karachi.

Raza joins the Mujahideen and later comes into to contact with Harry who works for CIA. During the course of the events Harry is killed and Raza grows home sick. Raza’s mother seeks help from Harry’’s daughters and Abdullah the person who had introduced Raza to the Mujahedeen. However at the time of exchange the security forces arrive on the scene.

The novel gives an account of the atomic explosions in Japan, colonial era of India, Indian partition and the American war against the communist rise in Afghanistan.